If Youre a Nature Lover, You Need These Words in Your Vocabulary

If Youre a Nature Lover, You Need These Words in Your Vocabulary Robert Macfarlane loves words about nature and our interaction with it. In fact, he loves it so much that he compiled Landmarks, a collection of words used across America, England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales- some of which have been long forgotten- to describe natural scenery.In an article written for The Guardian, he explains why he felt the need to publish this compendium:†¦Although we have fabulous compendia of flora, fauna and insects (Richard Mabeys Flora Britannica and Mark Cockers Birds Britannica chief among them), we lack a Terra Britannica, as it were: a gathering of terms for the land and its weathers- terms used by crofters, fishermen, farmers, sailors, scientists, miners, climbers, soldiers, shepherds, poets, walkers and unrecorded others for whom particularised ways of describing place have been vital to everyday practice and perception.Robert Macfarlane, The GuardianIn that same article, he further details the events that led him to collect these words:The same s ummer I was on Lewis, a new edition of the Oxford Junior Dictionary was published. A sharp-eyed reader noticed that there had been a culling of words concerning nature. Under pressure, Oxford University Press revealed a list of the entries it no longer felt to be relevant to a modern-day childhood. The deletions included acorn, adder, ash, beech, bluebell, buttercup, catkin, conker, cowslip, cygnet, dandelion, fern, hazel, heather, heron, ivy, kingfisher, lark, mistletoe, nectar, newt, otter, pasture and willow. The words taking their places in the new edition included attachment, block-graph, blog, broadband, bullet-point, celebrity, chatroom, committee, cut-and-paste, MP3 player and voice-mail.Robert Macfarlane, The GuardianAs Macfarlanes story about the Oxford Junior Dictionary shows, we live in a time when we are generally less connected to nature and to our surrounding natural world. This is especially true for children, who know more about gaming systems and iPads than they do about the sound of the wind through the trees and capturing fireflies. What does this mean for our next generation of poets and writers- writers who are losing the vernacular that was once so common among artists who explored the natural world around them?With this in mind, here is a list of words that shouldnt be forgotten by poets and writers who are likewise nature lovers. Teach them to your children so they wont be completely lost.Wind, rain, snow, and stormsAfter-drop (Poetic)Raindrop which falls after a cloud has passed (first cited in Sir Philip Sidneys Arcadia, c 1580)Airie (Caithness)Gentle breath of windAchram (Irish)Very heavy rain (literally, boisterous behavior)Billow (East Anglia)SnowdriftBrim (Orkney)Cold, drying wind that withers plantsBlacthorn Winter(Herefordshire) Winter that turns very cold late in the seasonCith (Gaelic)Shower of warm, drizzling rainDomra (Shetland)Obscuration of the sky by hazeDribs (Leicestershire, Northamptonshire)Rain which falls in drops f rom the eaves of thatched housesDringey (Lincolnshire)Light rain that still manages to get you soaking wetFeetings (Suffolk)Footprints of creatures as they appear in the snowGleamy (Essex)Showers with fitful sunshineGoldfoil (Poetic)Coined by the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins, describing a sky lit by lightning in zigzag dints and creasings.Heavengravel (Poetic)Hailstones Gerard Manley HopkinsLattin, letty (Shropshire and Somerset, respectively)Enough rain to make outdoor work difficultOogly (Cornish)Referring to the sky, when it foretells wild weatherPayling (Northamptonshire)Wind-driven showerPenitent (Geography)Spike or pinnacle of compact snow and ice left standing after differential melting of a snowfieldPetrichor (Scientific)The pleasant, distinctive small of rain in the air, sometimes detectable before the rain has even begun to fall, and especially strong when the first rain falls after a period of warm, dry weatherPirr (Shetlandic)A light breath of wind, such as will make a cat s paw on the waterPuthery (Cheshire)Intense stillness and humidity immediately before a storm breaksRoarie bummlers (Scottish)Fast-moving storm cloudsSnow-bones (Yorkshire)Patches of snow seen stretching along ridges, in ruts, or in furrows after a partial thawUngive (Northamptonshire and East Anglia)To thawVirga (Meteorological)Observable streak or shaft of precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the groundWeather-mooth (Caithness)Clear area in the sky, low on the horizon, from which the clouds appear to streamWhewan (Orkney)Wind that howls around cornersWhiffle (Kent)Referring to the wind, when it comes in unpredictable gustsWhittle (Cheshire)A strong gust of wine, supposedly named after Captain Whittle, whose coffin was hurled to the ground from its bearers shoulders by such a gustWilliwaw (Nautical)Sudden, violent squallWolfsnow (Poetic)Dangerously heavy and wind-driven snow (Gerard Manley Hopkins)MountaineeringAlpenglow (Mountaineering)Light of the setting or rising sun seen illuminating high mountains or the underside of cloudsAlpenglow is the light of the setting or rising sun seen illuminating high mountains or the underside of clouds. Photo by eberhard grossgasteiger on Unsplash.Chockstone (Mountaineering)A stone wedged in a vertical cleft or chimney of rock, impeding progressChoss (Mountaineering)Rock that is unsuitable for climbing due to its instability or friabilityCreachann (Gaelic)Grassless, stony hilltopMoel (Welsh)A hilltop or mountain summit that is treeless and roundedNick (Yorkshire)Gap in the hills through which weather comesSlip-rift (Geological)Cave or chasm formed by the peeling away of one rock layer from another under the duress of gravityWaterAber (Welsh)Mouth of a river (into the sea); confluence of a lesser with a larger riverAbhainn (Gaelic)Substantial river, often running to the sea, with numerous tributariesAcker (North Sea Coast)Ripple on the surface of the waterBala (Welsh)Outflow of a river from a lakeBorbhan (Gaelic)Purling or murmur of a streamCaochan (Scottish)A small stream flowing across moorland and boggy ground with its channel concealed by heather and other moor vegetationCymer (Welsh)Confluence of two or more streams Moonwake (Poetic) The reflection of moonlight on a body of waterFaoi (Gaelic)Noisy streamHurdifell (Shetland)Steep, rocky hill covered in bouldersJabble (Scottish)Agitated movement of water; a splashing or dashing in small waves or ripples; where currents meet, the water is said to be jabblyLoom (Cumbria)Slow and silent movement of water in a deep poolPell (Sussex)Hole of water, generally very deep, beneath an abrupt waterfallSoma (Irish)A body of water that is abounding in swansStaran (Gaelic)Causeway of stones built out into a lake in order to fetch waterTrunnel (English regional)A road or path where, in summer, the leaves of trees on both sides form a canopyA Trunnel is an English word noting a road or path where, in summer, the leaves of trees on bo th sides form a canopy. Photo by Jason Ortego on Unsplash.Twevelet (Poetic)Small leaf bundles snagged around river twigs after a floodWinterbourne (Anglo-Saxon)Intermittent or ephemeral stream, dry in the summer and running in winterMoon, sun, and starsApricity (Phenological)Suns warmth in winterBenighted (Mountaineering)Overtaken by darkness while walking or climbingBright-borough (Poetic)Area of the night sky thickly strewn with stars (Gerard Manley Hopkins)Buried moon (Northamptonshire)Moon seen through a vaporous hazeBurr (East Anglia)Mistiness over and around the moon; a moon-haloDark hour (East Anglia)Interval between the time of sufficient light to work or read by and the lighting of candles- therefore, a time of social domestic conversation (We will talk that over at the dark hour)Dimpsy, dimsy (Devon, Somerset)Dusk, or the darkened hour brought on by poor weather, or the short period of time between daylight and dusklight. The cusp of duskness (Isabel Macho)Doomfire (Poetic )Sunset light which has the appearance of the apocalypse (Gerard Manley Hopkins)Firesmoke (Childish)Blending of sunrise or sunset with cloudsGreen flash (Optics)Optical phenomenon occurring just before sunset or just after sunrise, in which a green spot is briefly visible above the upper rim of the suns diskGrimlins (Orkney)Night hours around midsummer when dusk blends into dawn and it is hard to say if day is ending or beginningHoarlight (Poetic)Burnished or embossed forehead of sky over the sundown, beautifully clear (Gerard Manley Hopkins)Print-moonlight (Sussex)Moonlight bright enough to read byShepherds lamp (Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire)First star that rises after sunsetShivelight (Poetic)A word created by poet Gerard Manley Hopkins for the lances of sunshine that pierce the canopy of a woodFlora, fauna and landscapeBerhog (Shetland)Sterile piece of groundDeadfall (Geography)Dead branch that falls from a tree as a result of wind or its own weightDreeping (Irish/poetic)Desc ribing landscape that is heavy with dew or rain (Patrick Kavanagh)Ecotone (Ecological)Transition zone between two biomes, where communities meet and integrate (for example, between field and forest or lake and land)Frail (Banffshire)The skeleton of a leafHopliness (Childish)Changes in color along the length of a stem of grassHoodoo(Geography) Tall, thin spire of rockMute (Exmoor)Stumps of trees and bushes left in the ground after fellingPixy-hunting (Somerset)Climbing trees in an orchard to get the last fruit after the main crop has been harvestedPlatos fire (Poetic)Shadows dancing inside of a tree hollow on a sunny day in the woodsSillion (Poetic)Shining, curved face of earth recently turned by the plowSmeuse (English)The gap in the base of a hedge made by the regular passage of a small animalSmoog (Childish)Referring to a group of children who gather, crack, stack and whack bits of fallen timber in the woodsSnicket (Yorkshire)A narrow path between buildings or between a fence and a fieldSolastalgia (Global)Distress caused by environmental change (climate change, pollution mining) that alters a persons home landscape without them ever leaving itSpurring (Exmoor)Following the tracks of a wild animalSway (Venery)Deviation of an animals footprints from the median line of passageVallum (Northumberland)A wide ditchWilsom (Scots)A way or path leading through wild and desolate regions

Mayflies, Order Ephemeroptera

Mayflies, Order Ephemeroptera The order Ephemeroptera includes only the mayflies. Ephemeroptera comes from the Greek ephemeros, meaning short-lived, and pteron, meaning wing. Adult mayflies live just one or two days. Description As adults, mayflies have delicate, slender bodies. They hold their membranous wings vertically when at rest. You can easily identify an adult mayfly by its triangular forewings and two or three long, threadlike tails extending from the abdomen. Most species also produce a subimago stage, which looks similar to the adult but is sexually immature. Mayflies live on land as adults, but are entirely aquatic as nymphs. Adult mayflies live just long enough to mate, which they often do in dramatic swarming flights. Receptive females fly into the cloud of swarming males, and mate in flight. The female deposits her eggs on the surface of a shallow pond or stream, or on objects in the water. Mayfly nymphs inhabit streams and ponds, where they feed on algae and detritus. Depending on the species, a mayfly nymph may live two weeks to two years before emerging from the water to complete its life cycle. Mayflies are known for emerging en masse, usually in May. In some places, large numbers of emerged mayflies can coat roads, making travel slippery and dangerous. Habitat and Distribution Mayfly nymphs inhabit fast-flowing streams and shallow ponds with high levels of dissolved oxygen and low levels of pollutants. They serve as bioindicators of good water quality. Mayfly adults live on land, near ponds and streams. Scientists describe over 4,000 species worldwide. Major Families in the Order Family Baetidae - small minnow mayfliesFamily Heptageniidae - stream mayfliesFamily Ephemeridae - common burrower mayfliesFamily Leptophlebiidae – prong-gilled mayfliesFamily Siphlonuridae - primitive minnow mayflies Families and Genera of Interest The American sand burrowing mayfly, Dolania Americana, is one of a few species of predatory mayflies.The Gila mayfly, Lachlania dencyanna, is known to exist only in one small area of New Mexico, and is threatened with extinction.An unusual parthenogenetic mayfly, Eurylophella oviruptis, employs a surprising method of oviposition. The subimagos abdomen literally ruptures, spilling its eggs onto the waters surface. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonOrder Ephemeroptera - Mayflies, Bugguide.netGuide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America

Exposure of Children to Second Hand Smoking Case Study

Exposure of Children to Second Hand Smoking - Case Study Example According to the study they might stop smoking during pregnancy, many of the mothers resume smoking after they deliver their babies. This postnatal exposure is, however, can harm children. Living with smokers, even if they smoke away from home, can increase a child’s chances to have ear infections, allergies, asthma, pneumonia, wheezing, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Infants who are exposed to smoking caregivers or mothers who smoked during pregnancy are up to four times more likely to pass away of Sudden Infants Death Syndrome (SIDS), as environmental health practitioners researches assert. Parents and children care givers ought to improve their own and their children’s health by getting some assistance quitting smoking. Clinical and psychological counseling can play a notable impact in changing their lifestyles to salvage these innocent exposed angels. This study outlines that although environmental health acts, for instance, The Maryland’s Clean Indoor Air Act 2007, was set to control public smoking and children’s right for healthy upbringing, more measures need to be implemented. This is because of lack of effective law coverage in this field. For instance, many mothers and caretakers smoke in their homes in the presence of their children without their knowledge. Therefore, a behavioral change and awareness counseling therapy can be more effectual in saving the children threatened. These laws are tremendously beneficial but they need amendments to be stiffer on the offenders. An article â€Å"Kids and Second Hand Smoke: Some Reasons to Quit Smoking?† by Vincent Iannelli suggests that smokers need extra reason to stop smoking.  

Food and Culture Individual Country Project Lab Report

Food and Culture Individual Country Project - Lab Report Example which took place between Mexico and the US, which took place between 1846 and 1848, in which the US was attempting to take control over independent Texas. In the end, the US army defeated the Mexican leading to the signing of the peace treaty between Texas, New Mexico and California in which Mexico lost its land by almost a half. The events that took place in Mexico right from independence fostered the economic, political and social assimilation of different social groups contained by the nation and made the state and nation building stronger. The most relevant civil wars that took place that made a lot of significance in Mexican history are the Mexican Revolution that took place in 1910. The war led to an estimated loss of life of about one million Mexicans. The war ultimately ended with the formation of the new constitution at the beginning 1917, but it still lasted a few decades before peace to finally set in the nation. The reconstruction after the revolution affected all aspects of the society and gave a totally new significance to the nation. Put simply, the Mexican culture simply stands out from other cultures. The differences and variations that one can find in Mexico can be incomprehensible. Mexican people are generally renowned for their artistic and creative nature. In addition, they take such pride when it comes to culinary matters. It is not strange to find people in a hot debate about food. It is what defines them as a culture. The dances are also unique to the nation only, although most modern societies are adopting them and changing them in one way or another (Sanchez, 28). Unlike their neighbors, the dominant language in Mexico is Spanish, which can be said to be as a consequence of being colonized by Spain. Mexico possesses a comprehensive and refined culinary culture, with a vast variety of local dishes. However, there are three main common dishes that constitute the heart of most Mexican foods: beans, corn and hot peppers or as commonly

Natural Disasters and Catastrophes Essay Example for Free

Natural Disasters and Catastrophes Essay From researching online databases of my city, I’ve found that we are focused on planning ahead for disasters such as hurricanes, or even different forms like terrorism for example. The city acknowledges this strategic planning needed, as well as building public awareness and the development of hazardous mitigation and emergency response plans. According to the mayor, these plans are at completion and ready for use when or if the time ever comes. It was also found that all of this preparedness has been keeping the city’s homeland security team completely busy for the past few years as the city stresses necessary training, new equipment and education and the growing development of the new Community Emergency Response Team. If you are to draw any evidence from these actions of my city, it is that the key stress is maximum preparedness and planning which isn’t a bad emphasis when you’re dealing with natural disasters. Agencies One agency in the city of West Haven in regards to emergency preparedness is the Medical Reserve Corps or MRC. They are actually sponsored by the office of the U.S. Surgeon General. As a community based volunteering network, they are organized to support the existing public health structure during emergencies and even non-emergency events. The responsibilities include managing natural disasters, illnesses, man-made emergencies and community health events. Member positions range from medical practitioners, nurses, mental health professionals as well as miscellaneous volunteering roles. Another agency with emergency preparedness in my city is the Community Emergency Response Team or CERT. On September 23, 2006 CERT was launched in West Haven with thirty two volunteers. The theory behind the development of CERT is actually quite obvious but some places might never put this into perspective sadly. In major emergencies it’s a fact that emergency services are overloaded instantaneously. With CERT created it gives ordinary civilians the training opportunity they need to be prepared in emergency circumstances. This opens up the opportunity for a more independent society  with less of a need to seek professional emergency officials help in a time of crisis. Every area in our world faces the threat of earthquakes and tornadoes and the most common disasters we face are severe storms and floods. Essentially CERT is needed everywhere whether people believe it or not, it’s just whether or not the location acknowledges this. Geography West Haven has a total of 11 square miles of which 0.2 square miles is water and the remainder of space is land. Containing 3.5 miles of publicly accessible beaches, West Haven is bound in the southwest by The Oyster River, northwest by the town of Orange, north by New Haven, northeast by The West River, to the east is New Haven Harbor and to the south there is Long Island Sound which is separated by a break wall. With so much water lining the city it is quite vulnerable to water hazards like flooding and property damage during the several storms or hurricanes we get over the years. I myself have seen lots of homes on the water cease to exist because of these hurricanes in the past few years. In addition to that, there has also been much sand erosion on our beaches within the past few years. Literally half of the distance from our road to the water that was covered with sand now lies there.

Seeking Solace in Barbara Kingsolvers The Bean Trees :: Kingsolver Bean Trees Essays

Seeking Solace in The Bean Trees Many aspects of life are explored in Barbara Kingsolver's novel, The Bean Trees. A young woman named Marietta Greer from Kentucky wanted to strike out on her own, leaving behind everything she ever knew, just to start a new life. Many children want to do this at an early age so they can experience life on their own yet they don't realize the dangers involved.. Everyone that leaves the solace of their own home needs loving support to keep them going through life. Marietta Greer starts her journey by heading west across the United States in a run-down old car. She decides at the start that wherever the car breaks down will become her new home. When she stops at a diner one night for something to eat, she is suddenly left with a baby dropped off by an elderly Indian woman with no reasons why. Marietta tells her "If I wanted a baby I would have stayed in Kentucky" (24). Continuing her lonely trek, she changes her name to Taylor and ends up keeping the child and caring for her. When she finally arrives at her unknown destination, Taylor gets a job at a tire company working for a nice lady named Mattie and moves in with Lou Ann, also a single mother. She develops close friendships with them, and they all help each other through good times and bad. Taylor starts getting stronger feelings for the child, Turtle, and eventually adopts her through deceiving means with her new friends Estevan and Esperanza. Taylor keeps in touch with her mother, and she was thrilled her mother was supportive of her decision to adopt Turtle. There are some things I would have changed about the novel to make it more interesting reading and to broaden the type of audience it addresses. In my opinion, the book was kind of targeted at a feminine audience, especially single mothers. When Taylor and Lou Ann get together, Lou Ann sounds kind of pathetic saying " Who in the world would want to move in here with us" (102), yet they develop a strong friendship regardless. I had kind of a hard time focusing on what was going on and who was doing what mainly because the story wasn't interesting enough to attract my attention. Perhaps by throwing in a little more suspense or more action, the novel would have been more fun to read.

Keeping History Alive

He believes that no one cares about this place that was once the greatest civilization between the desserts of Mexico and the North America Attic, nor do they seem to realize that it was America's first city because they built a highway right threw the middle of it without a care in the world. Glen is clearly upset that Iacocca, being a great achievement by the Indians, does not have the popularity and respect that Macho Fichu does today. Hodges gives many examples to back up his opinion. He talks about the first person to write a detailed account ofCassia's mounds, Henry Bracketing. Secondary source Henry wrote that he was astonished at the size of the mounds. He did however complain that his discovery was widely ignored when put in the newspaper to his friend, former President Thomas Jefferson. Americans at this time didn't care about the Indians and there history. Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830 early expressed that. He also talked about Dwight Howard establishing his highway program. This allowed the highways to be built right In the middle of the mounds.Many archeologist have tidied the area surrounding Iacocca and Iacocca and have found great things, primary sources/artifacts for example they found homes, and human sacrifice sites. All these things just show that it was a great development and civilization. Hodges also speaks of his own experiences with Iacocca. When he drives to SST. Louis, he tries to find something that shows evidence of how great of a place it once was and to see if there was a memorial site of the big mound there. He says that he was shocked to see that the exact spot were the big mound was located was the exact spot were the ewe East SST.Louis bridge was going to be constructed. He was surprised that this was happening and when we asked around about it he found out that when archaeologists excavated the lot they didn't find a trace of Big Mound, only the factories that were built to take its place in the 19th century. Af ter searching for a while, Hodges did find a very small, poor looking cobblestone memorial a half a block down Broadway from Mound Street, with a missing plaque and grass growing between the rocks. When Glen was there, there was a man spraying weed killer, but, e wasn't from the city.Just another person who hates to his history go down the drain. After reading this article, I now completely agree with Glen Hodges. I must admit that I was one of the people who had never heard of this place before, and it shocked me that it was in SST. Louis, a place that I have been many times. I don't think Its right that the government is allowing America to to build highways and businesses on such a holsters landmark. I hate that America Is doing nothing to Iacocca a lot more then they are right now.

Psychologists’ Participation in Military Interrogatory Operations Essay

The issue of ethical responsibility is always in question especially in the medical and allied medical fields. The article â€Å"Psychologists Clash on Aiding Interrogations† (Carey, 2008) tackles this issue in the context of the services rendered by psychologists to military operations involving the interrogation of detainees. The article points out certain details regarding this issue; among others, those tackled were the issue of this type of assistance and its relevance to the American Psychologists’ Association Code of ethics, the consideration of international laws in the performance of a psychologist’s duties, the ethical responsibilities of a psychologist to the person being interrogated, the relationship of the APA to the practice of its members, and the individual integrity of psychologists who chose to collaborate with the military in interrogatory operations. An initial approach to this issue would be to consider the role of psychologists in society in the context or professionalism. Base on the preamble of the APA Code of conduct, psychologists are â€Å"committed to increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior and people’s understanding of themselves and others and to the use of such knowledge to improve the condition of individuals, organizations, and society† (APA, 1992), in addition, psychologist should â€Å"respect and protect civil and human rights and the central importance of freedom of inquiry and expression in research, teaching, and publication. They strive to help the public in developing informed judgments and choices concerning human behavior. † (APA, 1992) Certain features can be easily gleaned from these APA passages; to note in particular are the psychologist’s roles in the development of academic knowledge in the field, the fostering of individual and social understanding, and in promoting and preserving individual, organizational, (your family name) 3 and social welfare. Over and above these professional roles are the particular attention given to civil and human rights and the freedom of inquiry and expression. In this context there is no argument as to whether the psychological profession in general should concede to working with the military in interrogatory operations – the mere fact that these interrogations do not serve the purposes of the profession as outlined above and may even be violations of certain civil and human rights simply shows that participating in military interrogations can be against the APA code of ethics. However, if the last part of the passage is considered, which concerns the preservation of individual, organization, and social welfare, psychologist participation in interrogations may actually serve this end. If the purpose of the military interrogation is to preserve the established order and the issue is national security, then psychologists being accountable, not only to their patients but also to their country, should do well by assisting the military in their operations. This is the argument put out by certain psychologists who have been found to be collaborating with the military – that they did not do anything to cause harm to any of the subjects of interrogation, rather, they merely ensured that the subjects were not caused any harm. In addition, they claimed to also be performing their duties to their country. Another perspective should be considered in this issue – the reports that have been going around that psychologists have been assisting the â€Å"CIA and the military in developing abusive interrogation techniques used on terrorist suspects† (Benjamin, 2007), that psychologists have collaborated with the military in the military’s secretive Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape program to â€Å"reverse-engineer† techniques originally designed to train U. S. soldiers to resist torture if captured, by exposing them to brutal treatment. † (Benjamin, 2007). These grim (your family name) 4 reports bring the issue of civil and human rights into the picture. In a profession that is easily abused as to its practice, civil and human rights should be protected at all costs, but what if those who are supposed to protect these rights are the ones violating the rights themselves? The military and psychology is a very unlikely and dangerous mix, with the former working for national security under the protection of national and international law, and the latter working for the advancement of the psychological profession which incidentally could be of valuable use to the military, and with only the APA Code of Ethics standing in the way, possibilities can be very scary – think Nazi concentration camp style. However, certain arguments point out that psychologists, like their military counterparts are able to set aside the APA Code of Ethics in the interest of national or international law. In the results of a 20025 APA Taskforce, it was implicitly implied that â€Å"psychologists can ignore their ethical code if a governing authority (in this case, the U. S. Military) asks them to do so. † (Reiss, 2007) This implication is based on no less than the the APA’s code of conduct, which states, in full, â€Å"If psychologists’ ethical responsibilities conflict with law, regulations, or other governing legal authority, psychologists make known their commitment to the Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict. If the conflict is unresolvable via such means, psychologists may adhere to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority. † (APA, 1992) This brings the issue to a whole new level – instead of the issue being an organizational or professional concern, it becomes a concern of individual integrity, which, by the way, becomes blurry when an individual is offered lucrative benefits and perks in exchange for that (your family name) 5 integrity. While the issue is obviously one that concerns not only the military, or the field of psychology, but the safety and welfare of even the most hostile subject of an interrogation, the APA Task Force served to bring the issue down to a more personal level to dismiss whatever argument is raised by the profession as a whole. Now, it is basically a question of, â€Å"As a psychologist, are you personally inclined to assist the military in their interrogatory operations even when these operations can be inhumane and can violate civil and human rights as long as the operations are within the â€Å"requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority† (APA, 1992)? † Many a psychologist would find an easy answer to this question, because this question does not require a psychologist to consult any code of ethics or any law; it simply requires that the psychologist go through the process of self-discernment and consider, first and foremost, his/her reasons for choosing the psychology profession, his/her commitments to the people that he/she serves, and his/her priorities in exercising his/her profession. The issue of whether psychologists should collaborate with the military in developing interrogation techniques that may be inhumane is beyond the jurisdiction of any law or code. This issue is a question of morality and integrity, which, in themselves, are very subjective areas of abstraction. In a moment of personal thought, psychologists should at least put themselves in the shoes of the victims of these inhumane interrogation – knowledge is indeed power, â€Å"and power corrupts† (Acton, 1887) Psychologists wield a considerable amount of knowledge with their training in the profession, and it is up to them whether they would use this knowledge to harm their fellow humans or not. (your family name) 6 The solution to this problem lies in the individual integrities of psychologists. Each psychologist should maintain an internal regulatory mechanism when participating in these operations. The secret is being able to say ‘no’ when what is being asked to be done is beyond our personal conviction, ideals, and the moral standards governing the profession. While laws and codes can only do so much in regulating what psychologists can do, these also serve as roads signs for psychologists so that they may be constantly reminded if they are already overstepping in their profession. On the issue of national security, some argue that the life of one can sometimes be dispensable for the life of all; this argument is a blind interpretation of the truth. Life, whether it be of only one, or of all is still life, and should not be meddled with in any aspect. Where does this put the psychologists conceding to collaborations with the military? In as much as we all want to believe in the integrity of our own chosen professions, we have to have faith in the individual and inherent goodness of man. We cannot condemn psychologists who work for the military just because we think what they are doing is inhumane, and it is also not up to us to pass personal judgment regarding the military’s motives; but in as much as we have hope and confidence in the rationality and discernment of human beings, we might as well advocate integrity and morality as a whole, not only in the field of psychology. Individual issues and motivations of psychologists cannot be questioned by a raging mob – but we can sure make them see the truth, and remind them of their commitment to the welfare of all, and not just for the satisfaction of brute and barbaric interests. (your family name) Works Cited Acton, John Emerich D. â€Å"Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely. † The Phrase Finder. 1887. 26 Feb. 2009 . APA. â€Å"Ethical Principles Of Psychologists And Code Of Conduct. † APA Online. 2003. 26 Feb. 2009 . Benjamin, Mark. â€Å"The CIA’s torture teachers. † Salon. com. 21 June 2007. 26 Feb. 2009 . Carey, Benedict. â€Å"U. S. psychologists debate role in military interrogations. † International Heral Tribune – The Americas. 16 Aug. 2008. 26 Feb. 2009 . Reiss, Natalie S. â€Å"The Psychologist’s Role in Military Interrogations. † Mentalhelp. net. 3 Aug. 2007. 26 Feb. 2009 .

10 Things to Know About Croesus of Lydia

10 Things to Know About Croesus of Lydia Croesus is just as famous for what he did, as for who he knew. He was connected with many other famous figures, including Aesop, Solon, Midas, Thales, and Cyrus. King Croesus encouraged trade and mining, and his resultant wealth was legendary - as was much of his life. 10 Points to Be Familiar With About Croesus Have you read Aesops fables about the clever and not-so-smart animals? Croesus gave that Aesop an appointment in his court.In Asia Minor, Lydia is considered the first kingdom to have coins and King Croesus minted the first gold and silver coins there.Croesus was so wealthy, his name became synonymous with wealth. Thus, Croesus is the subject of the simile rich as Croesus. One might say Bill Gates is as rich as Croesus.Solon of Athens was a very wise man who made laws for Athens, for which reason he is called Solon the law-giver. It was in conversation with Croesus, who had all the wealth he could want and was, seemingly, perfectly happy, that Solon said, count no man happy until his death.Croesus is said to have derived his wealth from King Midas (the man with the golden touch) gold deposits in the river Pactolus.According to Herodotus, Croesus was the first foreigner to come in contact with the Greeks.Croesus conquered and received tribute from the Ionian Greeks.Croesus tragically misinterpreted the oracle that told him that if he crossed a certain river he would destroy a kingdom. He didnt realize the kingdom that would be destroyed would be his own. Croesus was defeated by the Persian King Cyrus, proving how prescient Solon the law-giver had been.Croesus was responsible for the loss of Lydia to Persia [becoming Saparda (Sardis), a satrapy under the Persian satrap Tabalus, but with the treasury of Croesus in the hands of a native, non-Persian, named Pactyas, who soon revolted, using the treasury to hire Greek mercenaries]. This change led to conflict between the Ionian Greek cities and Persia aka the Persian Wars. Sources on Croesus and Solon Bacchylides,  Epinicians

Each vs. Both

Each vs. Both Each vs. Both Each vs. Both By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, What is the correct usage for each and both? Example: You and I both know what its like. or You and I each know what its like. Each is singular. In relation to a group, it means â€Å"all of any number, considered individually.† Examples of usage: Each child in the school has been vaccinated against smallpox. When groups of individuals join together in business partnerships,  each  member of the partnership becomes bound by basic legal  duties.   Both is plural. It refers to two of something. Examples of usage: Both men are Nobel Prize winners. Walthers lectures were  both informative and entertaining. When speaking of two people, both is usually the more appropriate choice. The only reason to use each when speaking of two people/things would be to emphasize the individuality of separate acts or to avoid ambiguity. Consider the following sentences: 1. Jack and Bill share a room. Both are responsible for cleaning half. 2. Mr. Jones gave both his daughters a dog. 3. Both of us received a letter this morning. Most listeners would understand the first sentence to mean that each boy is responsible for one half of the room. Sentence three might be understood to mean that each of the two received separate letters. Sentence two is definitely ambiguous: Did each daughter receive a dog of her own, or did both daughters receive one dog to share? The following revisions would prevent misunderstanding: 1. Jack and Bill share a room. Each is responsible for cleaning half. 2. Mr. Jones gave each of his daughters a dog. 3. Each of us received a letter this morning. In the reader’s question, the first example is correct: â€Å"You and I both know what its like.† The second example presents an impossibility of agreement: â€Å"You and I each know what its like.† The subject â€Å"You and I† is plural and requires the plural verb know. The word each, however, is singular and would require the singular verb knows. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S30 Baseball Idioms10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Choose any song you wish (contemporary is fine). Using AT LEAST one Essay

Choose any song you wish (contemporary is fine). Using AT LEAST one verse and the refrain, discuss the lyrics in terms of poetr - Essay Example In this analysis, the paper will consider verses two and three including the refrain. In the song, Tyrell asks his wife to accompany him to various great places such as Bombay, Peru and Ac apulco Bay, which he promises to be full of fun and joy. His convincing voice is felt in lines like â€Å"in llama land there's a one-man band/ and he'll toot his flute for you† (Tyrell, 5-6), to signify the much fun they were to have in Peru. Tyrell the singer will be the one man band who will be playing the flute to the new wedded wife in Peru. To express his love for the lady, he chooses different places full of fun, perhaps with interesting things he is sure that the wife would love. He engages her thoughts romantically by painting a romantic picture in her head. Sweet-talking her to accept his proposal, Tyrell sings, â€Å"Once I get you up there I'll be holding you so near/ You may hear all the angels cheer 'cause we're together (Tyrell, 11-12).† Not only does he show his deep l ove to the woman, but also paints a romantic picture in her head. He first asks her to come and fly away with him, and later promises that they will stay up in the sky, where he would hold her so near that she would hear the angels cheer because they are together. In Ac apulco Bay, he promises her that they will have a perfect weather for a honeymoon and beat the birds, which would bring them closer, creating more fun and happiness. He then asks her to join him and insists that they will fly together to all these places. Imagery Through imagery, Tyrell paints numerous scenes that are enticing to the woman. He creates a lasting picture in her mind that is supposed to be both romantic and appealing. Extensively, the singer uses symbolism and personification to create a romantically enticing picture in the imagination of the woman. He tells her to go with him, so that they can float down to Peru, where a one man band will play a flute for her. He creates an urge in the woman, prompting her to desire the great feeling of flying, and the music from the flute, which is most likely her favourite music instrument. Although Tyrell does not mention the band’s name, he is a singer and will probably be the band. However, to create a lasting impression and increase her anxiety, he conceals the name of the band. Moreover, he promises to take her to the sky where he would hold her very closely. The close that they would be to the sky, she would even hear the angels cheering their unison. â€Å"Once I get you up there I'll be holding you so near/ you may hear all the angels cheer 'cause we're together (Tyrell 11-12). By this, he means that even in heaven, their marriage has been approved. The perfect Ac apulco bay for a honeymoon is meant to let her know that he never settled for simple places, but the best, full of fun such as bird hunting and perfect weather. With these images in her mind, Tyrell hopes that he manages to successfully convince his women to accompany him to the honeymoon. Alliteration